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2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二
SectionI Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)
Weighing yourself regularlyis a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .
Weighing myself every daycaused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active,to focusing 3 onthe scale. That was counterproductive to my overall fitness goals. I had gainedweight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my trainingprogram. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found weighing myselfdaily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making inthe gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes inweight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.
For these 9 ,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighingschedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it isless important for me to 11 myweight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells mewhether I need to 13 mytraining program.
I also use my bimonthlyweigh-in 14 toprovide information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensityremains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloricintake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has donewonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencingincreased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experiencedgreater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, insteadof numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how youlook, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D.Besides
2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially
4. A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording
5. A. set B. review C.reach D. modify
6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition
7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D.due to
8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly
9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D.claims
10. A. though B. again C. indeed D.instead
11. A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report
12. A. approve of B. hold onto C. account for D.depend on
13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare
14. A. features B. rules C. tests D. results
15. A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D.bored
16. A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. necessity B. decision C. wish D.request
18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D.disappointing
19. A. because B. unless C. until D.if
20. A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D.obsessing
SectionII Reading comprehension
Part A
Direction: Readthe following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answer on answer sheet. (40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp ofsocial and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'msorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents andfriends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable — it's the emotionalequivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding isoutdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about whatguilt is and what role guilt can serve," says Amrisha Vaish, a psychologyresearcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of alarger recognition that emotions aren't binary 一feelings that may beadvantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, forexample, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too muchhappiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, inother words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind ofsocial glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt maycompensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti andothers have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways tocooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for thatshortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Usingcaregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated eachchild's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negativeemotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolatecoins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For thelow-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined theywere to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn'tmagically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation.
"That's good news," Malti says. "We can be prosocialbecause we caused harm and we feel regret."
21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it mayhelp_____
A. fostera child’s moral development
B.regulate a child’s basic emotions
C. improvea child’s intellectual ability
D.intensify a child’s positive feelings
22. According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt tobe____
A.inexcusable
B.deceptive
C. addictive
D.burdensome
23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from anawareness that____.
A.emotions are context-independent
B. anemotion can play opposing roles
C.emotions are socially constructive
D.emotional stability can benefit health
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .
A may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can bring about emotional satisfaction
C. canresult from either sympathy orguilt
D. may bethe outcome of impulsive acts
25. The word "transgressions" (line4 para5)is closest in meaning to .
A. wrongdoings
B. discussions
C. restrictions
D. teachings
Text 2
Forestsgive us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight againstclimate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good shareof the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit morecarbon than they absorb.
Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into thefuture may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. Californiais leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out thedetails.
Thestate's proposed Forest CarbonPlan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brushin parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarilylowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater shareof the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest'scapacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able tofend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in theevent of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The needfor such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought andbeetles have killed more than 100 milliontrees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorchedhundreds of thousands of acres.
California'splan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permitauctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that couldbenefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritizeareas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
Thestrategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from theforests is locked away in the form of solid lumber,burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or usedin compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is underway, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands.In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests'carbon-storing capacity every five years.
Stategovernments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. ForestService, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watershedsand opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vitalpart forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which isexpected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as amodel.
26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27. To maintain forests as valuable"carbon sinks", we may need to _
A. preserve diversity of species
B. lower their present carbon-absorbingcapacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28. California'sForest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.
B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29. What isessential to California's plan according to Para.5?
A. To obtain enough financial support
B. To carry it out before 2020
C. To handle the areas in the serious dangerfirst
D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions
30. Theauthor's attitude toward California's plan can be best described as ____
A. supportive
B. ambiguous
C. tolerant
D. cautious
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