摘要
Abstract
目的：宽恕正日益成为积极心理学研究领域的一个热点，宽恕研究更多的关注人类的积极、正向和健康的心理方面。国内外一系列研究均表明宽恕有利于大学生的心理健康，且国外已有大量研究采用了宽恕干预的方法，且其应用价值也越来越多地被证实，国内则仅有少量的研究运用宽恕干预的方法来考察其积极效应。鉴于此，本研究试图了解我国体宽恕大一新生当前个的特点，同时，基于REACH宽恕干预模型，编制有很强针对性的宽恕团体心理辅导方案，以期在提升宽恕他人水平的同时也能较好的提升自我宽恕水平，由此探索出提高大学生宽恕水平的更好途径。
Objective: Forgiveness is increasingly becoming a hotspot in positive psychology research field. The research of forgiveness concerns more about the positive and healthy psychological aspects of human beings. A series research at home and abroad show the forgiveness is favorable for the psychological health of undergraduates. Lots of research abroad adopted forgiveness intervention method and its application value have been increasingly proved e. However, only a small amount of research in China adopted forgiveness intervention method to investigate its active effect. In view of this, this research tries to understand the forgiveness characteristics of current freshman individuals, and meanwhile, based on REACH forgiveness intervention model, to compile highly targeted forgiveness group psychological counseling scheme so as to better improve self-forgiveness level while enhancing the level of forgiving others, and therefore to explore the better way to improve the forgiveness level of undergraduates.
方法：本研究利用Hearland宽恕量表对长沙市某综合性师范大学的630名大一新生进行了问卷调查，考察大一新生宽恕水平的发展状况。然后制定了针对性的宽恕团辅方案，最后甄选了36名被试随机分配到实验组、控制组A和控制组B，且三组被试在干预前的宽恕水平没有显著差异。每组被试在规定的时间内接受不一样的实验处理。实验组每周接受一次宽恕团体辅导。控制组A每周接受一次普通团体游戏活动干预。控制组B则不接受任何处理。八周后对三个组的宽恕水平进行后测，2个月后进行追踪后测，检验团体辅导方案的效果。
Method: By using Hearland forgiveness scale, this research makes questionnaire among 630 freshmen in a comprehensive normal university in Changsha, investigates the forgiveness level development state of freshmen and then formulates targeted forgiveness group counseling scheme. At last, 36 subjects are selected and randomly allocated to experimental group, control group A and control group B, and the subjects in three groups have no obvious difference in forgiveness level before intervention. Subjects in each group accept different test treatment in stipulated time period. The experimental group accepts one time of forgiveness group counseling in each week, control group A accepts one time of ordinary team game activity intervention in each week, and control group B receives no treatment. The after-test of forgiveness level of the three groups is conducted eight weeks later and tracking after-test is conducted 2 months later to test the effect of group counseling scheme.
结果表明：（1）大一新生的宽恕得分总体上处于中等偏上水平，仍有一部分学生的宽恕得分处于较低水平。（2）大一新生宽恕自己的得分在性别、是否独生子女、文理科上没有显著差异，但大一新生宽恕他人的得分在性别和是否独生子女上有显著差异，宽恕他人的得分在文理科上没有显著差异。（3）团体辅导后，实验组前后测差异显著，前测和追踪后测差异也显著，宽恕他人得分和宽恕自己得分显著提高。
The result shows: (1) Generally, the forgiveness scores of freshmen are in the level above average and the forgiveness scores of a part of students are still in relatively lower level; (2) The scores got by freshmen regarding self-forgiveness have no obvious difference in the aspect of gender, the only child or non-only child and liberal arts or science, but the scores got by freshmen regarding forgiving others have obvious difference in gender and the only child or non-only child aspect and the scores got regarding forgiving others have no obvious difference in the aspect of liberal arts and science; (3) After group counseling, the difference in experimental group before and after test is obvious, and the difference between pre-test and tracking after-test is also obvious. The score got for forgiving others and self-forgiving is significantly improved.
结论：（1）大一新生宽恕自己水平在性别、是否独生子女、文理科上没有显著差异。（2）在性别方面，大一女生宽恕他人水平显著高于大一男生；在是否独生子女上方面，大一非独生子女宽恕他人水平显著高于大一独生子女。（3）基于REACH宽恕干预模型的团体心理辅导能提高大一新生宽恕水平,宽恕主题团体心理辅导对大一新生宽恕品质的影响具有持续性效果。
Conclusions: (1) The self-forgiveness level of freshmen in the aspect of gender, the only child or non-only child and liberal arts or science has no obvious difference; (2) In gender aspect, the level of first grade university female students is obviously higher than that of first grade university male students; in the aspect of the only child or non-only child, the level of non-only child in forgiving others is obviously higher than that of the only child; (3) The group psychological counseling based on REACH forgiveness intervention model could improve the forgiveness level of freshmen and the influence of group psychological counseling of forgiveness topic on forgiveness quality of freshmen has sustainable effect.
关键词: 团体辅导 宽恕 大一新生
Key words: Group counseling, forgiveness, freshmen