名词：
定义：世界上由万事万物构成的，这些事物各有名称，表示这些名称的名词叫作名词。
分类： 专有名词和普通名词
专有名词：
表示具体的人名，事物，地名，机构和节日等名称的词称为专有名词。
（专有名词开头第一个字母必须大写）
① 表示人：
Yang Liwei 杨利伟
Alice 爱丽丝
② 表示事物：
the Changjiang River 长江
December 十二月
③ 表示地名：
Macao 澳门 New York 纽约
④ 表示节日:
Christmas Day 圣诞节
Children’s Day 儿童节
⑤ 表示机构：
WTO 世界贸易组织
the University of London 伦敦大学
普通名词：
指一类人，事物，物质或抽象概念的名称。
类 别 |
定 义 |
例 词 |
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普 通 名 词 |
可 数 名 词 |
个体名词 |
用来指单个人或者事物的名词。 |
taxi 出租车scientist 科学家 computer 电脑 |
|
集体名词 |
用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。 |
army 军队 police 警察 family 警察 class 班级 |
||
|
不 可 数 名 词 |
物质名词 |
用来指无法分为个体的物质，材料的名词。 |
water 水 wind 风 glass 玻璃 steel 钢铁 |
|
|
抽象名词 |
用来指人或事物的品质，情感，状态或动作等抽象概念的名词。 |
honesty 诚实 love 热爱 silence 安静 life 生活 |
（一） 名词的单复数形式：
可数名词的单复数形式
1. 规则变化
构成法 |
例 |
一般情况在词尾加-s |
shop-shops desk-desks |
|
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，在词尾加-es |
bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush--brushes |
|
（1）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，y 变成i再加-es （2）以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加s |
(1)baby—babies city—cities factory—factories story—stories (2)day-days toy-toys |
|
以O结尾的名词： （1）加es (2) 加s |
（1）tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes potato—potatoes tomato-tomatoes 黑人英雄爱吃番茄和土豆 （2）radio—radios photo—photos piano—pianos zoo--zoos |
以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v,加-es,少数不变，只在词尾加-s |
life—lives knife—knives wife—wives roof—roofs |
2. 不规则变化
⑴ 名词复数的特殊形式
man—men, woman—women,
policeman—policemen,
Englishman—Englishmen,
foot—feet, tooth—teeth,
child—children,
German—Germans
⑵ 有些名词的单复数形式同形
Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, fish
⑶ 合成名词，只将其主题词变为复数形式
girl student—girl students
pencil-box—pencil-boxes
⑷ 由man和woman 构成的合成词，全部变成复数
man doctor—men doctors
woman teacher ---women teachers
⑸ 只有复数的名词
trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes,goods, compasses, stairs, people, scissors, chopsticks
⑹ 不可数名词的数量表达
a piece of bread/meat;
five drops of water;
six bags of rice;
seven pairs of shoes;
eight basketball of apples;
nine piece of news
课堂练习：
A组：选择最佳答案
1. Mrs. Lenny gave us ______________ on how to learn English well.
A) some advices
B) many advices
C) some advice
D) an advice
2. If these trousers are toobig, buy a small _______________
A) set
B) one
C) pair
D) copy
3. A group of __________ are talking about two ______________
A) Frenchmans; Germen
B) Germans; Frenchmans
C) Frenchmen; Germans
D) German; Frenchmen
4. ---What would you like to drink, girls? ---______________, please.
A) two cup of coffee B) twocups of coffee
C) two cups of coffees D) two cup ofcoffees
5. My mother and my sister are both _____________________
A) woman teachers B)women teacher
C) woman teacher D) women teachers
6. We needn’t buy any__________. There are many in the fridge.
A) fruit B) milk
C) meat D) eggs
7. How many ___________ can you see?
A) milks B) a glass of milk
C) glasses of milks D) glasses of milk
8. I think maths ______________ very useful.
A) is B) are
C) am D)be
9. The little baby has two __________ already.
A) tooth B)tooths
C) teeth D) teeths
10. I’m thirsty, pleasemake _________ for me.
A) a tea B) a cup of tea
C) teas D) a cup of teas
B组：用所给词的正确形式填空
1. I have two _________________(knife).
2. They come from different _________________(country).
3. The _________(meet) begins at 2:00 in the afternoon.
4. We have quite lots of nice ___________(photo).
Let me show you some of them.
5. How many ___________(foot) does a cat have?
6. There are many ___________(bus) on the road.
7. Look at the picture, a lion is running after a group of_____________(deer).
8. Here is a birthday card for you with our best _____(wish).
9. Changjiang River is one of the longest ______________(river) in China.
10. The students in Class 1 are all __________________(Japan).
C 组：判断对错
1. A: My glasses is broken. ( )
B: My glasses are broken. ( )
2. A: I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ( )
B: I want to buy two shoes. ( )
3. A: I need a few ink. ( ).
B: I need a little ink. ( )
4. A: Don’t eat too muchmeat. ( )
B: Don’t eat too muchmeats. ( )
5. A: May I borrow two radioes? ( )
B: May I borrow two radios? ( )
(二)名词所有格：表示名词所属关系的一种形式
1. 单数名词的所有格，只需在词尾加’s
Jim’s sister Lucy’s pen
2. 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只加’
the students’ book Teachers’ Day
3. 不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，应加’s
Children’s Day Women’s Day
4. 表示几个人共有的东西，只需要在最后一个人的名词后面加’s,
Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
5. 表示各自所有的， 则每个名词都加’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s desks
6. 名词所有格常用省略式， 省去被名词所有格修饰的名词
at the doctor’s
7. “of+ 名词所有格”，通常作后置定语，
这种结构通常指整体中的部分或一个
a friend of my father’s
the window of the room
A组： 选择最佳答案
1. Tony’s car is morebeautiful than _______________________.
A) his brother’s and sister B) hisbrother and sister
C) his brothers and sisters D) his brother andsister’s
2. ---How long does it take to get to the station?
---It’s ____________walk.
A) six minute’s B) six-minutes
C) six minutes’ D)six minutes
3. These are _____________ bikes.
A) Jin and Sam’s B) Jim’s and Sam
C) Jim and Sam D) Jim’s and Sam’s
4. Twelve __________ were hurt,
but no __________ were lost in the accident.
A) person; life B) people; lives
C) peoples; lives D) persons; life
5. There’s somethingimportant in _________________.
A) paper of today B) today newspaper’s
C) today newspaper D) today’s newspaper
6. Miss Smith is a friend of _______________
A) Mary’s mother’s B)Mary’s mother
C) Mary mother’s D) mother’s of Mary
7. Joan is _____________ sister.
A) Mary and Jack B) Mary’s and Jack’s
C) Mary’s and Jack D) Mary and Jack’s
8. I will give you__________ to finish it.
A) two week’s time B)two week time
C) two weeks’ time D) two weeks time
9. This is not your radio, but __________________
A) yours brother B) your brother’s
C) you brother’s D) yours brother’s
10. My school is about twenty __________ walk from here?
A)minute B) minutes’
C) minute’s D) minutes